What is the Difference Between a Modem and a Router?

What is the Difference Between a Modem and a Router?

Have you ever gone out to buy a modem only to realize you need a router? Internet tech jargon isn't always easy to define, and sometimes it feels like even the pros don't know what they're talking about.

This article will tell you about modems, routers, how to differentiate them, and how to use them to ensure your internet works at the speed you pay for.

Let's get started.

What is a Modem? What Does It Do?

A modem is a box-shaped device that connects your computer to the internet. It acts as a bridge between your home network and your local internet service provider (ISP).

Using traffic as an analogy, you might consider the modem like your driveway. In this case, the internet is the road, and the driveway provides your access to this road.

But your modem isn't just the “driveway.” Its main job is to convert the digital signal from your devices into a language that the internet infrastructure can understand, and vice versa.

It takes the information from your computer or other devices and packages it into small bits, just like cars on a highway. These bits of information then travel through the cables or wireless connections and reach the internet, where they are routed to the appropriate destination.

But if you want multiple connections to transfer information to the internet, you need a router.

What is a Router, and What Does It Do?

A router is a networking device that directs internet traffic between different devices in a network. It enables the creation of a home network, letting you connect multiple devices to your modem.

With a router, your single house can grow into an entire neighborhood (of devices). When you take the road leading outside the community (like driving your car onto the highway), the data can go to its destination (like a website on the internet).

You can also choose to drive your cars between different homes in the neighborhood. This “driving between houses” analogy means you can communicate between devices on your home network (like sending files).

Differences Between Modem and Router

To make a long story short, a modem gives you access to the internet, while a router lets you create a home network you can use to communicate between devices and the internet.

Below, you'll learn a few more differences to know you've bought the right piece of equipment.

Modem_and_router_side_by_side

Physical Differences

If you were to look at one on a shelf, how could you tell the difference? Let's break that down:

Both modems and routers have box-like appearances with indicator lights on the front.

Modems differ because they have a single light for the internet and a single port to connect the cable. This can be the same cable that you connect to your television (if you have cable internet) or a line close to your telephone wire (square-like at the ends)

Routers differ because they have multiple ports to connect your devices to. These are known as ethernet ports, and will always use “square-shaped” cables. A router (or gateway) is the only device supporting wireless connection (Wi-Fi).

These days, routers and modems come in one device known as a gateway. Fiber-optic internet, for example, almost always comes as a gateway, as fiber internet is the newest technology. New technologies tend to get things that make them more convenient, encouraging users to adopt it.

Networking Capabilities

A modem and a router are two distinct devices that play different roles in setting up a network and providing internet access.

A modem is incredibly simple and only does one thing: it gives you access to the internet. If it does anything else, it isn't just a modem.

The definite feature of a router is the creation of a home network. But routers also provide features to help you manage your network. For example, you can control different security levels, set wireless passwords, and manage who has access to your internet.

Gateways will do both, providing you access to the internet alongside more advanced security and management features. People will often use these terms interchangeably, so if you want to be sure, ask if you can connect multiple devices to it and access the internet.

Connection Types

Modems have been around since the first internet connections were established. As a result, modems support many different connection types listed below:

  • Dial-up is an older type of connection that uses telephone lines (similar to ethernet cables). Most locations have moved to new connection types.
  • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) uses a phone line to transmit data. It's newer than dial-up, but still not the fastest connection.
  • Cable modems use coaxial cables (just like cable TV wires) to connect to the internet. It's the fastest of the connections mentioned so far.
  • Fiber optic modems use specialized fiber optic cables to provide high-speed internet connections. When you hear about gigabyte internet, this is fiber-optic internet.

Routers can support all of these connection types. However, you won't plug coaxial cables directly into your router. Instead, you'll use ethernet cables.

“Fiber-optic modems” are all gateways, combining features from routers and modems. You'll find that Cable lines have also adopted this approach, preventing people from needing to buy or rent multiple devices.

Security Settings

In today's digital age, ensuring the security of our internet connections has become increasingly important. This is why you must purchase a router to protect your home network, as typical modems don't provide security support.

Both routers and gateways allow you to protect your home network in the following ways:

  • Firewall Protection: Routers and gateways can be configured to block malicious traffic from entering or leaving your home network. This helps protect you from hackers, viruses, malware, and other cyber threats.
  • Wireless Encryption: Wireless encryption helps protect the data sent over your Wi-Fi connection and prevents others from accessing it without permission. Common encryption methods include W EP, WPA, and WPA2.
  • Parental Controls: Routers and gateways allow you to control who has access to your home network and when they have access. This is especially helpful if you have children in your home.
  • Connection Monitoring: You can monitor active devices on your network using a router's administration page (or an app in some cases). This monitoring feature lets you block unwanted devices from accessing your network.

Once again, gateways provide convenience here, giving you one device to connect to the internet and access these security features. But are there any advantages to having separate devices? Let's explore that question next.

Advantages of Having Both Modem and Router [Versus a Gateway]

You have two choices when purchasing your basic internet equipment: one gateway or two devices (a modem and router). So, which should you choose? That depends on your technical preferences, which you can learn more about below.

1. Flexibility and Scalability:

One of the major advantages of having separate modem and router devices is the flexibility and scalability it offers. With different devices, you can choose the best modem and router that suits your needs rather than being restricted to a single unit.

This allows you to customize your internet setup based on internet speeds, coverage area, and the number of connected devices. After all, you only need one modem (but you could use multiple routers).

Additionally, should you need to upgrade your internet plan or increase the coverage area, you can easily replace or upgrade either the modem or the router without replacing an entire gateway. Your gateway is convenient but often costs more.

2. Enhanced Performance and Internet Speeds:

Having two separate devices, each with its own specialized function, can enhance the performance and internet speeds of your home network.

By having a dedicated modem and router, you can ensure that each device is optimized for its specific role, thus improving overall network performance. Moreover, many standalone routers offer advanced features such as dual-band or tri-band capabilities, which can further boost internet speeds and reduce interference for a seamless online experience.

Gateways might also offer these features, but tend to be more expensive because they also function as a modem. While modern gateways resist most interference, having all that connection power in one place can cause some interference and slow down.

3. Security and Control:

Another advantage of having separate modem and router devices is the increased security and control it provides over your home network.

By owning your own router, you can purchase one that lets you customize security settings, enable firewalls, create guest networks, and implement other security measures. Many ISP gateways offer similar features, but this depends on your provider.

Xfinity, for example, provides a solid router with most plans. Other, smaller ISPs might not make it as easy.

Tips for Optimizing Your Network Setup with Both Devices

Now that you know a bit more about routers, modems, and their combined cousin (gateways), now comes the part where you learn how to make them fast. Keep these in mind if you're internet seems like it isn't performing.

  • Position your device in a central location: Placing your devices in a central location helps ensure a stronger and more reliable connection throughout your home or office. Avoid hiding them in cabinets or placing them near walls or windows.
  • Keep devices away from obstructions: Objects like walls, furniture, and appliances can interfere with the wireless signal. To maximize signal strength, ensure no obstacles between your and connected devices.
  • Update your modem and router firmware: Modem and router manufacturers regularly release updates that enhance performance, security, and stability. Check for updates on the manufacturer's website and apply them to keep your devices running optimally.
  • Use compatible devices: To achieve optimal speeds and performance, ensure your modem and router are compatible. Check your modem and router's specifications and ensure they meet the recommended requirements (like your internet speed).
  • Secure your wireless network: Enable a strong password and encryption for your wireless network to prevent unauthorized access. This helps protect your data and ensures that only authorized devices can connect to your network.
  • Reduce interference: Limit the number of devices that can cause interference, such as cordless phones, baby monitors, and microwave ovens. These devices operate on similar frequencies and can disrupt your network signal.
  • Consider upgrading your hardware: If you are experiencing slow internet speeds or poor performance, consider upgrading your device to a newer model. Newer devices often have advanced features and improved capabilities to enhance your network setup.

Optimizing your network setup is crucial for a seamless internet experience. Following these tips can improve your network performance, and enjoy faster and more reliable internet connectivity.

Wrap Up

So, as a quick reminder, here are some device definitions:

  • A modem provides you with a connection to the internet
  • A router lets multiple devices on your network connect to a central hub, which you can then connect to the modem to access the internet.
  • A gateway combines these features into a single device.

Of course, your internet service provider might use these interchangeably. So, if you get confused, ask if it allows multiple connections and lets you connect to the internet. Being more concerned with what it does lets you avoid some confusing conversations.